The struggle of the dewi sartika

Raden Dewi Sartika is a fighter of women's emancipation or equality with Raden Ajeng Kartini. Women from Bumi Parahiyangan is no less cool than RA Kartini from Jepara, Central Java.

Both women are tough Indonesian pride is the same offspring of nobility in his time. When RA Kartini leaves a trail of emancipation in a book, Dewi Sartika bequeathed it in the form of a school that has grown up to now.

As written in the book Biography of National Hero Raden Dewi Sartika: The Pioneer of Yan Daryono's work, Dewi Sartika's talent teacher has been seen since he was young. Typically not waiting for adequate facilities just to start the action.

Once his mother returned to Bandung, West Java, from exile in Ternate, North Maluku, in 1902, Dewi Sartika returned to the city nicknamed Parijs van Java. His house at that time in Simpangsteg (now Jalan Simpang) located behind the official house Patih Bandung.

The difficulty of life is still wrapped around the life of Dewi Sartika. All his family possessions confiscated by the Dutch East Indies Colonial Government made his mother unable to do much to take care of his children properly.

In those days, people still thought that women were dependent on their husbands. Treatment is also felt differently when girls' education is lower and men are higher.

However, Dewi Sartika would not give up. He invites his female relatives to learn skills such as cooking, sewing and the like. He also taught read to write Malay and Dutch, including the knowledge he obtained while studying at Eerste Klasse School.

Slowly but surely, more and more people are interested in the teaching. Rewards from the teachings received by the girls, Dewi Sartika and her mother received basic assistance such as rice, salt, side dishes and others to meet the needs of life.

The activity of Dewi Sartika was known Dutch Dutch Colonial Government. A district inspector of Bandung Regency, Cornelis Den Hammer, came directly to witness the teaching done by Dewi Sartika.

Instantly, Dewi explained to the inspector that her activity was not official. The students are only 10 people who also come from their own families. Inspector had several times visited the study activities at the house of Dewi Sartika.

The man then offered Dewi Sartika to become Dutch school teacher Boemi Poetra. Dewi Sartika actually rejected the offer, instead expressed her intention to establish her own school.

The idea that makes Dewi Sartika reunited with the Regent of Bandung which was served by Raden Aria Duke Martanagara. Boldly Dewi reveals her plan to establish a Women's Skills School to the Bupati.

The Bupati supports the idea of ​​Dewi Sartika. Until the date of January 16, 1904 established Sakola Istri who temporarily located in Paseban Wetan in Pendopo Dalem district of Bandung.

At the opening, Sakola Istri was the first and the first female school in Indonesia, followed by 60 female students. Dewi Sartika became a teacher accompanied by two teachers as well as her colleagues, Ms. Poerma and Mrs. Oewit.

A year after the opening of Sakola Istri, the interest of female students who register increased. This makes the study space in East Paseban is no longer adequate.

Dewi Sartika realized that the school can no longer accommodate many students. For that he was saved little by little in order to find a new place.

With a little savings, he pays a down payment to buy a place in Ciguriangweg which will be the location of Sakola Kaoetamaan Istri. The RAA Martanagara district head also contributed payments for construction and school construction costs.

In 1910, Sakola Wife was changed to Sakola Kautamaan Istri. Her husband, Raden Agyah Kanduruan Soeriawinata strongly supports his wife's wishes. Subjects were added, ie cooking lessons, washing, ironing and batik.


Dewi sartikah visit to RA Kartini's sister


Once upon a time, Dewi Sartika visited the house of RA Kardinah, the younger brother of RA Kartini in Kendal, Central Java. This visit is not a formality, but Dewi Sartika at the same time studying the science of batik which again taught to his students in Bandung.

In addition to the school, Kaoetamaan Istri society was also formed on 5 November 1910 by Priangan Resident, WFL Boissevain.

But for Dewi Sartika who also attended the inauguration, the event was none other than the curiosity of the colonial government that took advantage of the prestige of the school which at that time began to be widely known society. It was as if the colonial government was watching the fate of Sundanese education.

Since then, Dewi Sartika has changed the Sakola Wife's signboard to Sakola Kaoetamaan Istri. At the same time, in various areas of Priangan such as Sumedang, Garut, Tasikmalaya, Cianjur, Purwakarta and Sukabumi established Sakola Kaoetamaan Istri branch.

Only three years later, the number of students reached 251 school students. Where there are 12 study rooms with adequate facilities and professional teachers.

The Dutch East Indies colonial government presented a new building and the name Sakola Kaoetamaan Istri was announced to be Sakola Raden Dewi.

But on July 25, 1939, Raden Agah Soeriawinata passed away. Dewi Sartika was not discouraged in the middle of the road, she continued her task of educating women.

When the Dutch surrendered from Japan in March 1942, Sakola Raden Goddess was taken over by the military government of Samurai State, as well as changing the name of the school into School Girl No 29.

Not only Dewi Sartika, old teachers were also dismissed and replaced with teachers from the Land of the Rising Sun.

After the Bandung Api Ocean Fire on March 24, 1946, Raden Dewi Sartika and his family fled to Ciparay continued to Garut. Then evacuate to Ciamis to go to the slopes of Mount Cineam.

Dewi Sartika was severely ill and was forced to be treated at Cineam Hospital. He died on September 19, 1947 at the age of 63 years.

Meanwhile, the school was closed until it could be reopened by Raden Dewi Sartika Foundation in 1951. Several times this school also had changed its name since it was held by the foundation.

School of Lower Teachers (SGB) Puteri (1951), Girls' Nursery School (SKP) Dewi Sartika (1961), Vocational School of Princess (SKKP) and Dewi Sartika (1963). Currently the school has become SD and SMP Dewi Sartika, while the kindergarten is in different locations.

The heroine of Aceh

A brief history of Cut Nyak Dhien

Cut Nyak Dhien was born to a religious devout noble family in Aceh Besar, Mukim VI region in 1848. His father was Teuku Nanta Seutia, a Mukim uleebalang VI, who is also a descendant of Datuk Makhudum Sati, a nomad of Minangkabau. Datuk Makhudum Sati is a descendant of Rear Admiral Nanta who is a representative of the Aceh Sultanate during the reign of Sultan Iskandar Muda in Pariaman. Datuk Makhudum Sati probably came to Aceh in the 18th century when the sultanate of Aceh was governed by Sultan Jamalul Badrul Munir. While her mother is the daughter of Lampageu uleebalang.

In his childhood, Cut Nyak Dhien was a beautiful child. He received an education in the field of religion (educated by parents or religious teachers) and households (cooking, serving husbands, and concerning daily life educated by both parents). Many men love Cut Nyak Dhien and try to propose to her. At the age of 12, he was married by his parents in 1862 with Teuku Cek Ibrahim Lamnga, son of uleebalang Lamnga XIII. They have one son.

1. Resistance Cut Nyak Dien


On March 26, 1873, the Dutch declared war in Aceh, and began firing cannon fire into the mainland of Aceh from the warship Citadel van Antwerpen. The Aceh war broke out. In the first war (1873-1874), Aceh led by Panglima Polim and Sultan Machmud Syah fought against the Dutch led by Johan Harmen Rudolf Köhler. At that time, the Netherlands sent 3,198 troops. Then, on April 8, 1873, the Dutch landed on Ceureumen Beach under Köhler, and immediately took over the Great Mosque of Baiturrahman and burned it. The Aceh Sultanate can win the first war. Ibrahim Lamnga who fought on the front line returned with a victory victory, while Köhler was shot dead in April 1873.

In 1874-1880, under the leadership of General Jan van Swieten, the Mukim VI area could be occupied by the Dutch in 1873, while the Sultan's palace fell in 1874. Cut Nyak Dhien and his baby finally escaped with the mother and other entourage on December 24 1875. The next husband fought to reclaim the Mukim VI area.

When Ibrahim Lamnga fought in Gle Tarum, he was killed on 29 June 1878. This made Cut Nyak Dhien very angry and vowed to destroy the Dutch.
Cut Nyak Dien, after being caught by the Dutch

Teuku Umar, an Aceh warrior, proposed to Cut Nyak Dhien. Initially Cut Nyak Dhien refused. However, because Teuku Umar invited him to fight in the battlefield, Cut Nyak Dien finally accepted it and remarried with Teuku Umar in 1880. This created the spirit of Aceh's struggle against Kaphe Ulanda (Kafir Belanda). Later, Cut Nyak Dhien and Teuku Umar have a child named Cut Gambang.

The war continues to guerrilla warfare and waged fi'sabilillah. Around 1875, Teuku Umar moved closer to the Netherlands and his relationship with Holland became stronger. On September 30, 1893, Teuku Umar and his army of 250 people went to Kutaraja and "surrendered" to the Dutch. The Dutch were very happy because the dangerous enemy was willing to help them, so they gave Teuku Umar the title of the hero Teuku Umar Johan and made him the commander of the Dutch troop unit with full force. Teuku Umar hid a plan to deceive the Dutch, even though he was accused of being a traitor by the Acehnese. Actually, Cut Nyak Meutia came to see Cut Nyak Dhien and scolded him. Cut Nyak Dien tried to advise him to return against the Dutch. However, Teuku Umar is still in touch with the Dutch. Umar then tried to learn Dutch tactics, while slowly replacing as many Dutch people as possible in the unit he mastered. When the number of Acehnese troops was enough, Teuku Umar did a false plan against the Dutchman and claimed that he wanted to attack the Aceh base.
Teuku Umar, Cut Nyak Dhien's second husband.

Teuku Umar and Cut Nyak Dhien went with all the Dutch soldiers and heavy equipment, weapons, and ammunition, never to return. This betrayal is called Het verraad van Teukoe Oemar (betrayal of Teuku Umar).

Teuku Umar who betrayed the Dutch caused the Dutch angry and launched a massive operation to capture both Cut Nyak Dhien and Teuku Umar. However, the guerrillas are now equipped with equipment from the Netherlands. They started attacking the Dutch while Jend. Van Swieten replaced. His successor, General Jakobus Ludovicius Hubertus Pel, was soon killed and the Dutch soldiers were in turmoil. The Dutch then uprooted the Teuku Umar title and set fire to his home, and also pursued his existence.

Dien and Umar continued to pressure the Dutch, then attacked Banda Aceh (Kutaraja) and Meulaboh (former Teuku Umar base), so the Dutch continued to replace the general in charge. Unit "Maréchaussée" then sent to Aceh. They are considered barbaric and very difficult to conquer by the Acehnese. In addition, most of the "De Marsose" troops were Chinese-Ambonese who destroyed everything in their path. As a result, the Dutch army felt sympathy for the Acehnese and Van der Heyden dissolved the unit "De Marsose". This event also brought the success of the next generals because many people who did not participate in the jihad lost their lives, and the fear still exists in the people of Aceh.

General Joannes Benedictus van Heutsz exploited this fear and began to employ Acehnese to spy on rebel forces as informers so that the Dutch discovered Teuku Umar's plan to attack Meulaboh on February 11, 1899. Finally, Teuku Umar was killed by bullets. When Cut Gambang, son of Cut Nyak Dhien, weeping over his father's death, he was slapped by his mother who then embraced him and said:
"As Aceh women, we should not shed a tear to a martyr"

Cut Nyak Dien then led the resistance against the Dutch in the hinterland of Meulaboh with his small army and tried to forget her husband. These troops continued to fight until its destruction in 1901 because the Dutch army was accustomed to fighting in the field of Aceh. In addition, Cut Nyak Dien is getting older. His eyes had begun to suffocate, and he was exposed to gout disease and also the number of his troops continued to decrease, and difficult to obtain food. This made the troops pity.

Cut Nyak Dhien's boy named Pang Laot reported the location of his headquarters to the Netherlands because of compassion. As a result, the Dutch attacked Cut Nyak Dien's headquarters in Beutong Le Sageu. They were shocked and fought furiously. Dhien tried to take rencong and try to fight the enemy. Unfortunately, the action Dhien successfully stopped by the Dutch. Cut Nyak Dhien was arrested, while Cut Gambang managed to escape into the forest and continued the fight that had been done by his father and mother.

2. Death of Cut Nyak Dien

After being arrested, Cut Nyak Dhien was taken to Banda Aceh and treated there. The illness is myopic and rheumatism gradually heals. However, Cut Nyak Dien was eventually exiled to Sumedang, West Java, due to Dutch fears that his presence would create a spirit of resistance and also because he kept in touch with unchallenged fighters.

He was taken to Sumedang along with other Acehnese political prisoners and attracted the attention of the regent of Suriaatmaja. In addition, male prisoners also expressed their concern for Cut Nyak Dhien, but the Dutch army was forbidden to reveal the identity of the prisoners. He was detained alongside a cleric named Ilyas who soon realized that Cut Nyak Dhien was an expert in Islam, so he was nicknamed "Ibu Perbu".

On November 6, 1908, Cut Nyak Dhien died of his age. The grave of "Ibu Perbu" was only discovered in 1959 at the request of the then Governor of Aceh, Ali Hasan. "Ibu Perbu" was recognized by President Soekarno as National Hero of Indonesia through Presidential Decree No. No.106 of 1964 on May 2, 1964.

According to the cemetery guard, Cut Nyak Dhien's grave was only discovered in 1959 at the request of Aceh Governor Ali Hasan. Searches are performed based on data found in the Netherlands. The people of Aceh in Sumedang often hold a gathering ceremony. At the event, participants made a pilgrimage to the tomb of Cut Nyak Dhien with a distance of about two kilometers. According to tomb administrators, the Acehnese community in Bandung often hold annual events and make pilgrimages after the first day of Idul Fitri. In addition, Acehnese from Jakarta hold Haul events every November

Cut Nyak Dhien's grave was first restored in 1987 and can be seen through a memorial memorial near the entrance written about the inauguration of the tomb signed by Aceh Governor Ibrahim Hasan on December 7, 1987. Cut Nyak Dhien's grave is surrounded by an iron fence planted with a large concrete 1,500 m2. Behind the tomb there is a musholla and to the left of the tomb there are many nissan stones which are said to be the graves of the clerical family of H. Sanusi.

On the stone nissan Cut Nyak Dhien, written memoir life, Arabic writing, Surah At-Taubah and Al-Fajr, and the story of Aceh.

The number of pilgrims to the cemetery Cut Nyak Dhien was reduced because the Free Aceh Movement was fighting in Aceh for independence from the Republic of Indonesia. In addition, the area of ​​this tomb is quiet due to frequent supervision by the authorities.

Now, this tomb gets the cost of care from the charity box in the tomb area because the government does not provide funds Sumedang.